THE CAMPAIGN OF THE RULER OF THE GOLDEN HORDE STATE BATU KHAN AND HIS RELATIONS WITH THE CHANGE ULUS

Undoubtedly, Batu, the Khan of the Golden Horde State established in the Dasht-i Kipchak region, stands out as one of the most prominent political figures of the 13th century. His profound influence on the history of Eurasia and Eastern European nations cannot be overstated. He expanded the borders of the state he ruled by bringing together various tribes in the Dasht-i Kipchak. Batu continued the development of the Golden Horde State and holds the distinction of being the pioneer in the Chinggisid family to forge international alliances with other countries, earning him the esteemed title of "Mister Khan" in the annals of history. Moreover, he determined the politics of the state on the Eurasian continent. The political state structure he established with the power he gained over the years continued to exist after his death. Therefore, Batu is not only a ruler, but also a state founder, diplomat, and commander. At the same time, he was engaged in public social issues in Karakorum. After the death of Chinggis Khan and Ogeday Khan, justice was carried out by Batu Khan (the eldest of Chinggis Khan’s generation). He also intervened in the situation between the generations of Chagatay in Transoxiana (Maverannahra). Jochi Khan is famous for being the first commander to conquer Central Asia and also for having many sons. According to some sources, Jochi had around forty sons. He was officially accepted as the heir after Orda Khan. However, after the death of Jochi Khan, his son Sayin Khan (1227-1256) founded the Golden Horde State within the framework of the steppes extending around the Itil River, the Carpathian Mountains, and the Danube River and was recognized as a khan (1976, p. 49). But the question arises as to why Batu is his father's heir and not Orda. In the article, opinions related to this concept will be differentiated.