Avaliação da vulnerabilidade ambiental em unidades de conservação da Amazônia Legal Brasileira

T This study analyzes the environmental vulnerability of Conservation Units (CUs) in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2012 to 2021, focusing on the increasing impacts resulting from human activities, such as deforestation, wildfires, logging, and agriculture. Although the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) has been implemented, it has not been sufficient to prevent these impacts, necessitating a detailed assessment of protected areas. The methodology adopted was based on the selection of indicators and modeling of environmental indices, considering economic, social, cultural, and political factors, enabling a precise evaluation of the vulnerability of CUs. Indicators of exposure, sensitivity, potential impact, and adaptive capacity were used to develop a final vulnerability index, identifying the main threats to CUs, such as the expansion of pastures and wildfires. The methodological procedures included selecting relevant indicators, collecting data from various sources (such as INPE, MapBiomas, and MODIS), normalizing and weighting the data, calculating the indices, and spatial analysis of the results. The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity among the CUs in the Legal Amazon, with regions of lower adaptive capacity concentrated mainly in the states of Pará, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, and Rondônia. The findings highlight the urgency of targeted interventions and the use of the vulnerability index as a practical tool for the strategic allocation of resources and the implementation of more effective conservation policies, contributing to the sustainable management of the Legal Amazon.