Geografia do voto: influências das singularidades territoriais nas eleições presidenciais do Brasil ao Maranhão

This article set out to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of the presidential elections in Brazil, between 2018 and 2022, as well as understand the trends and territorial patterns of elections at the national level and how they are reproduced on a regional and local scale in the state. of Maranhão, as well as revealing regional trends and identifying political and ideological divisions. The methodological proposal was developed as an ecological study under a systemic and multidisciplinary approach. To this end, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis tools - AEDE and the Geographic Information System - GIS (factor and cluster analysis) were used. In Maranhão, as well as in other states in the Brazilian Northeast, there is a strong PT electoral stronghold, with emphasis on the north and northeast regions of the state. However, there is an increase in the electorate linked to Bolsonarist agendas in the center-south and southwest, with the support of conservative sectors connected to businesspeople, religious and agribusiness leaders. On the other hand, it is considered that the advancement of polarization should not be measured exclusively by indicators linked to income, class and race, but it is necessary to examine the regional and local historical and cultural context. In general, the research results demonstrate that electoral dynamics can serve as a proxy to understand sociodemographic, cultural and historical factors and dynamics at different scales.