Comparative study between Umbilical Fetal and Middle Cerebral Arteries Doppler Versus Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and their Relation to Fetal Outcome

Background: One of the most prevalent clinical disorders in obstetrics is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Aim and objectives: To evaluate the relationship between fetal heart rate monitoring and umbilical fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler vs fetal outcome in pregnant women with GDM. Patients and methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Al-Sayed Galal and EL-Hussein hospitals. From March 2021 to March 2022, one hundred patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the study group. Two groups of patients were formed: Group A: Normal UA Doppler control group, and Group B: Doppler abnormalities in the umbilical arteries. Results: The middle cerebral artery (MCA) doppler showed a statistically significant difference depending on gestational age between aberrant and normal. However, in terms of fetal weight, PH, Apgar l-min, Apgar 5-min, and gestational age (GA) at birth, there was no statistically significant difference between abnormal and normal UA Doppler readings. Additionally, all outcome measures, such as PH<7.2, Apgar at 1 minute<4, Apgar at 5 minutes<7, and infant death when the CTG was aberrant (P-value<0.005), were significantly reflected by the cardiotocograph (CTG. Conclusion: The UA Doppler measurement had no bearing on fetal outcome measures such as neonatal PH, the 5-minute Apgar score, or neonatal death in patients with GDM. The Apgar score at one minute was the sole outcome measure that an aberrant UA Doppler impacted; however, MCA Doppler was significant for all outcome metrics, except the Apgar score at five minutes.