SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENTS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUANTITIES

The article discusses the main sources of uncertainty in measurements of physicochemical quantities, which are an integral part of any experimental research in physics and chemistry. Various factors affecting the accuracy and reliability of measurement results are analyzed, including errors in instrumental systems, the influence of external conditions, and the human factor. Particular attention is paid to methods for estimating and minimizing uncertainty, such as the use of standards, instrument calibration, and statistical data processing. The work also provides examples of practical measurements in chemical analytics and materials physics, where uncertainty is critical to the results obtained. Recommendations for uncertainty management can be useful for both researchers and specialists working in the field of quality control and product certification.