Studies of axially chiral atropisomers of an indole-substituted phthalonitrile derivative

A synthesis and theoretical study of 3-(2-methyl-1 H -indol-3-yl)-6-nitrophthalonitrile ( 1 ) are presented in this study. Structural confirmation of the molecule was achieved using 1 H, 13 C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The determination of the atropisomer rotational barrier for compound 1 revealed its classification as a class 1 atropisomer. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis was conducted, encompassing HOMO–LUMO evaluation of the transition states, examination of their structure, and calculation of the activation energy.