The use of anthropomorphic robots for developing empathic disposition as a personal trait among medical university students: a literature review.

Objective. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the psychological mechanisms that influence the development of empathy in medical students through interaction with humanoid robots. This study seeks to identify the factors that contribute to the formation of empathy as a personal trait in future physicians. Main Points. Empathy is a crucial aspect of medical practice, fostering trustful relationships between doctors and patients. Recent research indicates that humanoid robots can be an effective tool for enhancing empathetic skills in medical students. Interaction with these robots activates the same neural networks as human-to-human interactions, including the anterior cingulate cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the mirror neuron system. Cognitive and affective processes, such as emotional intelligence, imitation, and behavioral modeling, play a significant role in shaping empathy. Personal characteristics, such as openness to experience and extraversion, also have a notable impact on students’ ability to empathize when interacting with robots. Conclusion. Anthropomorphic robots can be effectively integrated into educational programs to foster the development of empathy in students. They provide a safe environment for practicing communication and technical skills, while also encouraging emotional engagement and social cognition. Further research may help refine current technologies and methodologies, allowing for a deeper understanding of the neurobiological foundations of empathy in the context of human-robot interaction.