Optimization of Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles

With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, efficient thermal management systems are critical to maintaining battery pack performance, safety, and longevity. The rapid cycle of the battery leads to a rapid increase in the heat content, and the heat problem has become the main factor restricting its development. The main benefits of optimizing a battery thermal management system (BTMS) system are improved operational efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced safety, and extended battery life. Due to the rapid development of electric vehicle technology and the urgent need for the thermal challenge of high-density battery systems, this topic has aroused people's interest. The theme of this paper is optimizing thermal management strategies, including materials and innovative cooling designs, that can significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of electric vehicle batteries. One inherent limitation of lithium-ion batteries is that they are used within a specific thermal operating range. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) calculates lithium-ion batteries' thermal output. Different phase change materials (PCM), porous materials, and different system types are studied to determine the most appropriate material to control the heat of the battery pack. This study has significant value for efficient thermal management systems.