Orbiting Eyes: A CubeSat for High-Resolution Space Monitoring and Remote Sensing

This paper presents the design and implementation of a “Orbiting Eyes” (Cube Satellite) for high-altitude atmospheric monitoring and Earth observation. The satellite incorporates advanced components, including an ESP32 microcontroller, SIM800A GSM/GPRS module, GPS for precise tracking, and a suite of environmental sensors such as the BME280 for temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and altitude; the BH1750 for light intensity measurement; and the MQ135 for gas detection. Additionally, the satellite is powered by a renewable energy system comprising a 5V solar panel, a TP4056 battery management unit, and an 18650 Li-ion rechargeable battery, ensuring sustainable and uninterrupted operation. A notable enhancement to the system is the integration of the Sony camera module, which offers high-resolution imaging capabilities for remote sensing applications. This module enables detailed atmospheric monitoring, Earth observation, and environmental phenomena analysis, including cloud formations, vegetation health, urban development, and pollution spread. By leveraging the compact, cost-effective, and scalable nature of Cube Satellites, this project addresses the increasing demand for innovative solutions in atmospheric and environmental monitoring.