Effect of Cultivated Distances and Some Stimulative Substances on the Growth, Flowering and Total Yield of Olive Trees cv. Toffahi in Saline Soil

This study carried out in two seasons 2021 and 2022 to study the effect of two types of cultivated distances (5˟6 m and 3˟5 m) and some chemical substances (Proline at 150 ppm, Fulvic acid at 50 ppm, Glutamic acid at 500 ppm, Nano- chitosan at 50 ppm and potassium Silicate at 1000 ppm) and their interactions on the growth, flowering and total yield of 21 years old of Toffahi olive trees grown in saline sandy soil and irrigated with a drip system in a private orchard located at Fayed city, Ismailia, Egypt. The results showed that spraying trees with nano-chitosan or proline recorded the highest productivity in both seasons. As for to the cultivated distance effect, it obviously superiority of normal plant density at 5 ˟ 6 m which had a higher superiority of vegetative growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, leaf mineral content, total carbohydrate and floral parameters compared to trees planted intensively at 3˟5 m. The trees sprayed with potassium silicate gave highest number sprout growth/ branch, while olive trees sprayed glutamic or nano-chitosan recorded largest leaf area. Spraying nano-chitosan or porolin gained heaviest leaf fresh weight. Foliar spraying of porolin gave highest N%, while nano-chitosan and potassium silicate treatment gave highest K % and P% in the two seasons. The interaction between normal plant density at 5 ˟ 6 m with glutamic recorded highest number of inflorescences / branch and sex ratio, also the interaction between normal plant density with potassium silicate gave highest number of flowers/ inflorescence, while the highest number of perfect flowers/inflorescence or number of set fruitlets / inflorescence were for the interaction between normal distant at 5 ˟ 6 m with potassium silicate or with porolin. The trees were sprayed with porolin gave highest significantly fruit set percentage and also interaction it with plant destance at 5 ˟ 6 m.