Understanding the Techniques Used by Fang Jiekan in His Bird and Insect Seal Carving

The seal art form of birds and insects is distinct. The fundamental features of Fang Jiekan's bird and insect seal are its flowing, rounded curves, which are complemented by rich variations and delicate bird and insect designs created by the exacting seal process. The cutting ability of Fang Jiekan is bold and precise. The tiny features of the bug and bird seal script are well-expressed by him. With the right density on the sealing surface, his seal works are stable and consistent in form. Well-placed inside the stable and well-balanced arrangement are the several seal script fonts depicting birds and insects. Fang Jiekan's bird insect seal script had a profound impact on the development of seal studies in later generations. His works have not only been widely studied and borrowed by later generations but also made important contributions to the inheritance and development of bird insect seal printing. Fang Jiekan's bird and insect seal script is an important part of the history of Chinese seal studies, with high artistic value and historical significance.