The Carpal tunnel syndrome - CTS - primary and secondary prevention - review of literature

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common neuropathy affecting the median nerve in the upper limb. It is characterized by pain, numbness, paresthesia, muscle weakness, and difficulties in precise hand movements. CTS can be caused by trauma, excessive nerve stretching, or compression. The condition more frequently affects women, with risk factors including obesity, diabetes, and hypothyroidism. Diagnosis of CTS is based on clinical evaluation, Tinel's and Phalen's tests, and examinations such as EMG or MRI. Treatment includes surgical methods like nerve decompression and conservative approaches such as physiotherapy, kinesitherapy, and neuromobilization. Studies show that tendon and nerve gliding exercises can significantly reduce CTS symptoms. These exercises are less invasive and effective in mild to moderate cases of CTS, providing a good alternative or complement to surgical interventions. Regular stretching and strengthening exercises improve the clinical condition of CTS patients. Findings from the literature review suggest that regular exercise can significantly improve the condition of CTS patients, alleviating pain symptoms and enhancing hand function.