Rabdomiosarcoma pleomórfico vaginal

Vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm of mesenchymal origin, characterized by the proliferation of immature skeletal muscle cells. Predominantly in childhood, it manifests most frequently in the head and neck region, although the second most common location is genitourinary. The embryonal subtype is the most frequent histologically, with an exophytic growth pattern and a better prognosis. Clinical, imaging (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) and histopathological findings, together with positive immunohistochemistry for muscle differentiation markers, determine the diagnosis. Tumor stage and histologic features determine the multimodal treatment for vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma, which combines surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In recent decades, the prognosis has improved significantly due to advances in multidisciplinary management, with many cases reaching 5-year survival rates exceeding 90%. A case of pleomorphic vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma is presented. Keywords: Rhabdomyosarcoma, Vagina, Mesenchymal tumors, Vaginal tumors