MONITORING THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN CORN PLANTS ON LEACHED CHERNOZEM USING NON-INVASIVE AND TRADITIONAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING AGROCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF SOIL FERTILITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS

It is necessary to increase the volume of agricultural crop production in order to ensure food security of our country. In this regard in 2023-2024 single-factor experiments were laid out at the educational and experimental station, the placement of variants was randomized, the experiment was repeated three times, the plot width was 10 m, the length was 5.6 m. The total plot area was 56 m2. The studied factor was the fertilizer rate (recommended N50P40K40 and calculated for the planned yield of grain corn of 5.0 t/ha N70P58K54 and 8.0 t/ha N116P90K84). According to the results of scientific research it was found that all the studied mineral fertilizer rates increased the nitrogen content in the soil and plants by 4.5, 8.9, 13.7 mg/kg and 0.08, 0.12, 0.11 %. The increase in nitrate nitrogen in the soil was reliable in comparison with the control in all variants and nitrogen in plants only where the calculated rates of mineral fertilizers were applied. Starting from the phase of 3-5 leaves to the phase of full maturity the concentration of the studied element both in the soil and in plants significantly decreased by 7.6-20.8 mg/kg and by 2.14-2.68 %. The vegetation index Single Band 550 showed that within the experimental variants from the phase of 3-5 leaves to the phase of full maturity, the deviation from the average value was 0.054-0.065. Between the variants in the panicle emergence phase the greatest deviation from the average value (0.011) was recorded, which indicated its vulnerability. In both years of the study fertilizer rates reliably increased corn yields by 1.3, 2.8, 6.1 t/ha (2023) and by 0.9, 2.0, 4.1 t/ha (2024). The planned yield of 5.0 and 8.0 t/ha was achieved only in 2023 which was optimal in terms of weather conditions with an increase of 0.6 and 0.9 t/ha.