AGROCHEMICAL VALUE OF COMPACT CHERNOZEMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FIELD CROPS PERFORMANCE

The article presents the results of monitoring the agrochemical properties of drained chernozems which being the most important resource for agricultural production in the foothills of the Republic of Adygea are most susceptible to degradation processes. The studies were conducted at the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Moscow State Technical University in 2022-2024, the territory of which is represented by more than 40% of arable land, namely, drained chernozems of heavy granulometric composition. The studies are devoted to identifying the optimal parameters of the agrochemical composition and properties of drained chernozems to determine their ability to support the growth and development of agricultural crops. As a result of the study, it was found that the content of carbonates in drained chernozems, as a rule, is found only in the lower part of the soil profile (horizons BC and C) and is about 0.22-0.84 %. The acidity of these soils in the arable subhorizon is slightly acidic (pHaq. = 6.1-6.8), with a slight decrease in the B1 horizon to 6.0-6.2, and in the BC horizon - 6.9-7.1. The total reserves of nitrate nitrogen in the studied soils in the humus horizon are in a wide range - 5-80 kg/ha. In wet spring periods, an increase in nitrate content to 38.5-41.5 kg/ha is observed, than in dry autumn - 30.0-31.5 kg/ha. The total content of ammonia nitrogen prevails in drained chernozems over the reserves of nitrate nitrogen by 1.5-2.5 times. It is noted that the gross phosphorus content is not constant over the years and changes sharply with a decrease in the profile - from Apakh (0.20- 0.34 %) to B1 (0.12-0.19 %), increasing to BC to 0.20-0.28 %. The total amount of mobile phosphorus was established in corn crops amounted to 2.4-17.3 mg/kg, winter wheat - 3.3-11.2 mg/kg, winter barley - 3.1- 10.7 mg/kg), under the orchard - 0.8-9.9 mg/kg. The studies emphasize the high restorative potential of drained chernozems for obtaining high and stable yields of field crops, and increasing the efficiency of agricultural production in Adygea and preserving the ecosystem of the region.