The Evolution of China's Environmental Protection Policies from a Sustainable Development Perspective

This study examines the evolution of China's environmental protection policies from a sustainable development perspective, analyzing their development across five distinct stages from 1972 to the present. Through comprehensive analysis of policy transformation, stakeholder dynamics, and institutional changes, the research reveals the complex interplay between domestic and international factors shaping China's environmental governance. The study identifies key transitions in policy approach: from passive response to active participation, from single pollution control to systematic construction, and from administrative command to multi-stakeholder governance. The research highlights significant challenges in policy implementation, including local-central government tensions, economic-environmental balance conflicts, and public participation limitations. The findings demonstrate that optimizing institutional structures and strengthening social security systems are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of China's environmental protection efforts.