Zero-Shot Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Attribute Description

Traditional fault diagnosis methods for rolling bearings rely on nemerous labeled samples, which are difficult to obtain in engineering applications. Moreover, when unseen fault categories appear in the test set, these models fail to achieve accurate diagnoses, as the fault categories are not represented in the training data. To address these challenges, a zero-shot fault diagnosis model for rolling bearings is proposed, which realizes knowledge transfer from seen to unseen categories by constructing attribute information, thereby reducing the dependence on labeled samples. First, an attribute method Discrete Label Embedding Method (DLEM) based on word embedding and envelope analysis is designed to generate fault attributes. Fault features are extracted using the Swin Transformer model. Then, the attributes and features are input into the constructed model Distribution Consistency and Multi-modal Cross Alignment Variational Autoencoder (DCMCA-VAE), which is built on Convolutional Residual SE-Attention Variational Autoencoder (CRS-VAE). CRS-VAE replaces fully connected layers with convolutional layers and incorporates residual connections with the Squeeze-and-Excitation Joint Attention Mechanism (SE-JAM) for improved feature extraction. The DCMCA-VAE also incorporates a reconstruction alignment module with the proposed distribution consistency loss LWT and multi-modal cross alignment loss function LMCA. The reconstruction alignment module is used to generate high-quality features with distinguishing information between different categories for classification. In the face of multiple noisy datasets, this model can effectively distinguish unseen categories and has stronger robustness than other models. The model can achieve 100% classification accuracy on the SQ dataset, and more than 85% on the CWRU dataset when unseen and seen categories appear simultaneously with noise interference.