Long-Wave Antenna Technology and Development Trends for Remote Communication and Navigation

Long-wave antennas are extensively employed in extra long-distance communications and navigation, ocean surveillance, and radio broadcasting, owing to their superior propagation characteristics at low frequencies. Long-wave signals, characterized by strong penetrating power and extended propagation ranges, are well-suited for remote communications and signal transmission in unique environments. As information and communication technologies continue to evolve, the design and optimization of long-wave antennas have emerged as a focal research area. This article systematically reviews the fundamental principles, common types, design methodologies, and recent research advancements of long-wave antennas, aiming to offer a comprehensive reference framework to facilitate further advancements and applications in long-wave antenna technology.