Analysis of the Effect of Geometrical Losses on the Quality Factor in FSO Communication Systems

In this study, an examination dependent on the variation of the quality factor (Q) associated with geometric losses, which constitute a significant portion of the losses arising from the external environment in free-space optical (FSO) communication systems, has been carried out. Geometric losses were examined under different atmospheric conditions, channel configurations and distances. Two main systems, namely optical fiber and FSO transmission lines, were used in the study. Losses under different transmission conditions in the transmission line were equalized by varying the length of the optical fiber based on the FSO communication system. Thus, the aim was to reveal the geometric losses occuring in the FSO communication system. The variation of these losses was observed using two channel and four channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques. As a result of the study, it was observed that when using the same transmission line, two-channel systems achieved a higher quality factor compared to four-channel systems. The variation in the quality factor with respect to the transmission line has shown dependency on distance.