Efficient customized eye modeling method to reproduce the two-dimensional distribution of peripheral refraction

Customized eye models reproducing a realistic distribution of the peripheral refraction of a wide visual field are crucial for fundamental investigations and optical applications for myopia control. Traditional optimization-based eye modeling methods have encountered limitations owing to their inefficiency. Based on the generalized Coddington's equations, a new method of building the customized eye model with high efficiency is proposed in this study, which is capable of reproducing the two-dimensional distribution of peripheral refraction while maintaining the biometric parameters measurable on each eye. A complete measurement procedure and eye modeling method have been established and verified on individual eyes with clinical-accessible instruments. Results revealed that high accuracy in the prediction has been successfully achieved among cases of emmetropia, myopia, and astigmatism.