The jurisdiction and advisory functions of the Permanent Court of International Justice: Historical development and effect

The study focused on clarifying the principal issues concerning the origin of the Permanent Court jurisdiction, concentrating on its sources, constraints, state recognition, exclusive authority to ren- der advisory opinions, legal nature and purpose. The study used a comprehensive approach, including an analysis of historical documents, statutes, and regulations of the Permanent Court. The research has dis- cerned distinctive elements of this body’s jurisdiction and its involvement in shaping the international legal framework. A comparative analysis of advisory opinion mechanisms in different legal systems was con- ducted, which allowed identifying the peculiarities and uniqueness of the Permanent Courtʼs approach. The research determined that the authority of the Permanent Court was characterised by flexibility, allowing states to determine the level of its binding nature. Its advisory jurisdiction was an innovative mechanism that contributed to the effective functioning of the League of Nations by developing valuable legal solu- tions. Although the advisory opinions were not binding, they had considerable authority and significance for the development of international cooperation. The advisory jurisdiction was established independently of other legal systems, which emphasised its uniqueness. The research has established that the Permanent Court has significantly contributed to the evolution of jurisprudence and methods of peaceful conflict resolution. Its experience and practice have laid the foundation for the modern system of justice and the fundamental principles of law, promoting cooperation and mutual understanding in international relations. This studyʼs practical significance is found in its examination of the Permanent Courtʼs role in advancing international justice and peaceful dispute resolution mechanisms, which may inform enhancements to con- temporary legal systems and international relations