Restrict Toxic Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines to Protect the Environment by Using Diesel Fuel Mixed with Vegetable Oil

For internal combustion engines, engines installed for transport ships, cargo ships, and fishing vessels are mainly diesel engines. The number of engines is increasing due to the development of the maritime and seafood exploitation sectors. Therefore, the high demand for petroleum fuels increases environmental pollution due to engine emissions. Reducing environmental pollution from the combustion of petroleum fuels has become a concern worldwide, especially for internal combustion engines. The exhaust gases from the engine contain harmful substances such as soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Fuels with higher carbon content generate more soot when burned. In contrast, biofuels have low carbon and sulfur content and supply ample oxygen, which helps to reduce soot formation. For these reasons, biofuels are encouraged as alternative fuels to petroleum. Vegetable oil is one of the primary raw materials for biofuel production. This study presents a mixture of diesel and vegetable oil utilized as fuel for fishing vessels’ diesel engines. The results of experimental research on a fishing vessel’s 4CHE Yanmar diesel engine when using diesel fuel mixed with coconut oil (B15, 15% coconut oil, and 85% diesel) show that increasing B15 fuel injection pressure by about 10–15% compared with diesel fuel injection pressure reduces the engine’s soot emissions and increases power compared to unadjusted. This solution contributes to reducing environmental pollution from engine emissions.