Optimizing Reactive Compensation for Enhanced Voltage Stability in Renewable-Integrated Stochastic Distribution Networks

The rapid expansion of renewable energy sources and the increasing electrical load demand are complicating the operational dynamics of power grids, leading to significant voltage fluctuations and elevated line losses. To address these challenges, we propose an information gap decision-theory-based robust optimization method for the siting and operation of reactive compensation equipment, utilizing static var generators (SVGs) to mitigate voltage fluctuations and reduce losses. Our approach begins by projecting the scale of renewable energy integration and load growth, establishing scenarios with varying renewable-to-load growth ratios. We then develop a multi-objective optimization model that incorporates voltage–loss sensitivity, accounting for the uncertainties in renewable energy production. A case study demonstrates that our method reduces grid voltage fluctuations and losses by 29.53% and 7.75%, respectively, compared to non-intervention scenarios, highlighting its effectiveness in stabilizing distribution networks.