Identification of Alterations in the Expression of Genes Related to the Implant Failure in Spanish Patients with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Disease

<b>Background:</b> Individuals with Down syndrome exhibit a higher prevalence of periodontal disease, which can lead to implant loss. This study aims to identify genetic markers associated with implant loss in these patients, providing insight into potential predictive and therapeutic approaches. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic analysis was conducted, including both clinical and genetic data from Down syndrome patients with a history of dental implants. Genetic profiling was performed using Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC version 4.0 Applied Biosystems^TM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), focusing on genes previously implicated in periodontal disease and bone metabolism. Statistical analysis identified correlations between genetic variants and implant survival rates. <b>Results:</b> The analysis revealed statistically significant alterations in several genes related to inflammation and bone remodeling. Key findings included alterations in the expression of the genes <i>MMP15</i>, <i>MMP17</i>, <i>S100B</i>, <i>GHR</i>, <i>DNAH6</i>, and <i>ZCCHC14</i> in patients with implant failure. These genetic markers were strongly correlated with compromised osseointegration and implant loss. These findings underline the role of genetic predisposition in the failure of dental implants among individuals with Down syndrome. <b>Conclusions:</b> Genetic markers, particularly those involved in inflammation and bone metabolism, play a critical role in implant loss among Down syndrome patients with periodontal disease. Recognizing these markers can aid in early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies, potentially improving implant success rates.