<i>In situ</i> assembly of Ag@M-TiO ₂ nanoparticles grafted on cotton fabrics with durable antibacterial and hemostatic properties for promoting bacteria-infected wound healing

Uncontrolled wound bleeding and bacterial infection are the most common problems in wound healing/skin regeneration, and failure to provide effective care will obviously increase the risk of other diseases and reduce the quality of wound healing. The ideal strategy is to prepare a simple dressing with rapid hemostasis and durable antimicrobial activity as an alternative to conventional hemostatic gauze to facilitate satisfactory wound healing. In this study, Ag-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles modified with unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds (Ag@M-TiO 2 ) were synthesized and grafted onto the surface of cotton fabrics by chemical finishing. Compared with the common cotton fabrics, the Ag@M-TiO 2 modified cotton fabrics (C-Ag@TiO 2 ) had a higher blood affinity and were able to absorb spilled blood and achieve rapid hemostasis by aggregating erythrocytes, stimulating blood platelets and activating hemostasis-related pathways. The mouse liver internal hemorrhage experiment confirmed that the wound could achieve rapid hemostasis within 30 s. In addition, the C-Ag@TiO 2 dressings exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial properties (&gt;99%) and could promote wound healing by preventing bacterial infection (the wound closure ratio was almost 100% after 14 days). The study demonstrated the important role of the multifunctional C-Ag@TiO 2 dressings in healing infected wound and controlling internal bleeding. It provides a potential strategy for wound healing and skin regeneration to replace traditional cotton gauze.