Consequences of Volcanic Ash on Antioxidants, Nutrient Composition, Heavy Metal Accumulation, and Secondary Metabolites in Key Crops of Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador

This study investigates the consequences of volcanic ash on the antioxidant properties, nutrient composition, heavy metal levels, and secondary metabolites in <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. (common bean) and <i>Zea mays</i> L. (yellow corn), two crucial crops in Ecuador. The objective is to determine how volcanic ash exposure affects these crops, focusing on antioxidant properties and potential heavy metal accumulation. Field experiments were conducted in Cotopaxi Province, where both crops were cultivated under varying volcanic ash conditions. Secondary metabolites, particularly total phenols and flavonoids, were quantified using spectrophotometric methods, while heavy metal content was assessed via atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results showed a notable increase in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, especially phenols and flavonoids, in crops exposed to volcanic ash, enhancing their antioxidant capacity. Importantly, no significant heavy metal accumulation was detected, indicating that the benefits of volcanic ash application can be harnessed without associated toxicity risks. This research highlights the potential of volcanic ash to boost beneficial metabolites in yellow corn and common bean, advocating for careful agricultural practices in volcanic regions to optimize health benefits while mitigating toxicity risks.