Detection of Sleep Apnea: A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches

Sleep apnea is a prevalent and serious sleep disorder caused by breathing interruptions during sleep, which is lead to critical health issues like cardiovascular diseases. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as polysomnography, are often very large process, costly, and not easily accessible, highlighting the need for automated and affordable detection solutions. This review paper examines the utilization of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods for detecting and diagnosing sleep apnea. We offer a thorough overview of the current research, analyzing various studies that utilize different data types, including electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. The review assesses the effectiveness of different algorithms, feature extraction techniques, and the integration of multiple signal types to improve detection accuracy. By summarizing key developments and identifying existing challenges, we aim to outline future research directions to enhance the robustness, interpretability, and real-time identification of sleep apnea using machine learning and deep learning techniques.