An Adaptive Penalty Factor Approach for Cost-Emission Oriented Economic Dispatch Problem using Wild Horse Optimizer

This paper investigates the effect of an adaptive Penalty Factor (PF) approach in compromising the weights for the combined economic emission dispatch problem. The proposed method aims to enhance the existing penalty factor approaches by making it a function of the load demand. Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO) is used to solve the Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, it is exploited in two system case studies, a 6-generation unit system and a 10-generation unit system. The proposed approach for the price penalty factor is also compared to the “Max-Max” approach commonly used in solving CEED problems by taking the fuel cost ratio to the emission value at the maximum power for each generator. Experimental results prove the capability of the adaptive PF approach in solving the CEED problem; it also shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in providing a compromised solution for any system regardless of the load when compared to default PF approaches.