Model for Positioning Stationary Battery Energy Storage Systems for Energy Efficiency in Urban Rail Transportation Systems

Urban rail transport systems consume significant amounts of energy, which makes energy efficiency improvements essential for sustainable urban mobility. This paper analyzes the role of stationary energy storage systems (SESS) in improving the energy efficiency of urban rail transport systems. Various SESS technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, are examined for their ability to store energy from regenerative braking and redistribute it during peak demand. Key factors such as headway, line gradient, regenerative energy amounts and receptivity of urban rail transport system are considered. The results provide a model proposal for optimizing the placement of stationary energy storage systems for energy flow management in urban rail transport systems. Simulation-based analysis and case studies show that integrating SESS can significantly optimize energy utilization in urban rail systems.