A 1-Bit Low-Cost Phased Array Element with Switchable Circular Polarization

In this paper, a 1-bit low-cost phased array element with switchable circular polarization (SCP) is proposed. The proposed element consists of a cross shaped patch, an annular patch, four diodes, and three direct-current (DC) bias lines. By controlling the on-off state of the four diodes, the phase shift between 0° and 180°, as well as circular polarization switching, can be independently achieved. The proposed element can be applied to the design of a 1-blt satellite communication phased array.