Design, Model, and Control of a Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System for a 30-kW Electric Vehicle Charger Application

This article presents the design, model, and control of a dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system for a 30-kW electric vehicle charger application. This system allows electric vehicles to receive electric power while running along a road, preserving or even charging its internal battery. The system features primary coils embedded along the road, powered by direct current (dc)/alternate current (ac) converters connected to a dc bus. The article presents the system overview and its mathematical model, considering the dynamic behavior of self-inductance and mutual inductance over time. In addition, a sequencing technique is presented for primary coil selection and activation based on induced current, accounting for motion and misalignment of the secondary coil without relying on the presence of sensors or timing methods. To optimize power delivery, a modified extremum seeking control is designed for autonomously tracking resonance frequency and ensuring soft-switching of power electronic components. This design aligns system components to operate within a predetermined frequency range and power, enhancing overall efficiency. The presented DWPT system is demonstrated through simulations and validated in full-scale experiments using a DS3 Crossback car from Stellantis, recharging the vehicle up to 30 kW under dynamic conditions. Results showcase a maximum efficiency of 90.2% from the dc bus on the primary side to the battery over an 18-m electrical road, highlighting the robustness and effectiveness of the system.