Optimizing Carbon Emissions in EV Charging Stations: A Combined Approach of Two-Stage Optimization and Multi-Energy Integration

The integration of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations into current energy grids has issues relating to energy management and carbon emissions, but is essential to the global shift toward sustainable transportation. This study suggests a combined strategy to develop a low-carbon and cost-effective EV charging infrastructure: a Two-Stage Optimization Framework paired with Multi-Energy Integration methods. The Two-Stage Optimization Framework promotes the utilization of renewable energy and dynamically changes energy consumption in real time to minimize emissions, employing complex optimization algorithms to balance grid energy needs and carbon trading. Complementing this approach, Multi-Energy Integration— including Power-to-Gas (P2G) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) —captures residual emissions and stores excess renewable energy for future use. This integrated approach maximizes energy efficiency while preserving grid stability by minimizing carbon emissions at both the energy generation and consumption phases. According to simulation results, combining these techniques can significantly lower carbon emissions and operating costs, which makes it a feasible strategy for optimizing EV charging stations in order to meet the carbon neutrality target.