Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Characteristics of Key Aircraft Components

Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) poses a significant threat to aircraft. Understanding the coupling characteristics between EMP and aircraft is crucial for designing protective measures. This paper analyzes the characteristics of EMP in both time and frequency domains and explores their interaction mechanisms with aircraft. A testing method is proposed using a mobile EMP simulator to irradiate key components of the aircraft directionally. Experiments were conducted on a test aircraft, and the results indicate the following: 1)The maximum difference in time-domain shielding effectiveness is 3.3 dB under different irradiation peak values and polarization modes, suggesting that shielding effectiveness is largely independent of EMP irradiation intensity and polarization. 2)Aircraft materials perform better at shielding EMP below a certain frequency. 3)There is no significant positive correlation between the peak induced current in cables and EMP irradiation intensity. Specifically, under horizontal polarization, the peak induced current in cables is significantly lower than under vertical polarization. Additionally, under the same polarization conditions, the peak induced current in System 1 cables is higher than in System 2 cables. 4)The frequency spectrum of induced current in System 1 cables shows two significant peaks, while System 2 cables exhibit repeated oscillations with stable peaks at four specific frequencies. 5) The voltage waveform coupled by a certain system's antenna consistently shows a rising edge and overall damped oscillation with rapid attenuation, with energy concentrated in specific frequency bands. These findings aid in assessing aircraft EMP protection capabilities and provide crucial data for the electromagnetic protection design of aircraft.