Secure Blockchain based Biometric Authentication using Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm

Biometric systems have significant security vulnerabilities such as the possibility of biometric data leakage, non-transparency, lack of confidentiality, and inconsistent authentication mechanisms. This study proposes a distributed approach for storing biometric data, performing biometric authentication, and handling biometric data using an auditable approach utilizing blockchain technology. We secure the biometric data by encrypting it with an asymmetric key algorithm: Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). A decentralized blockchain network is then used to store the signed hash of the template, and the execution time of various smart contract operations are recorded. FRR achieved by the proposed scheme is also reported on DB1, DB2, DB3 and DB4 datasets of the FVC2004 database, respectively. The evaluation of proposed scheme demonstrates that it enables secure and reliable authentication incurring negligible performance overhead as compared to the authentication scheme without encryption.