Cascading Failure Screening Based on Gradient Boosting Decision Tree for HVDC Sending-End Systems With High Wind Power Penetration

In LCC-HVDC sending-end AC systems, cascading failures combined with the dynamic response of wind turbines (WTs) can lead to HVDC commutation failures. The resulting transient voltage disturbances cause WT tripping in sending-end systems. Cascading failures that involve the interaction between WTs and HVDC significantly limit the wind power transmitted by HVDC systems. This paper proposes an online cascading failure screening method based on gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) for HVDC sending-end systems with large-scale WTs. First, a confidence level-based WT tripping model is proposed for cascading failure risk assessment considering a typical cascading failure propagation pattern. Then, Monte Carlo tree search is improved using a contrastive pruning technique to generate evenly distributed samples of cascading failures offline. Dynamic insecure scenarios are quickly identified using an improved support vector machine. Finally, GBDT is utilized to screen for cascading failures online by predicting subsequent high-risk failures using operating features. A dynamic weighting technique is proposed for GBDT to improve the fault prediction accuracy. Simulation results of a modified New England test system and the Ningxia provincial power grid in western China demonstrate that the proposed method can quickly screen for cascading failures considering the dynamic interaction between WTs and HVDC.