Design of Large-Span Beamforming Antenna Based on Beam Superposition and Structure Mapping

In this letter, a novel beamforming patch array antenna with large-span cosecant-distribution pattern is designed. The antenna contains two layers, and eight radiating patch elements together with feeding microstrip branches are designed on the upper surface of the top layer. The bottom layer is a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) with a series of slots cut in the upper wall, which couple the energy in SIW up to the feeding microstrip branches. Five linear arrays are designed first to generate beams with different radiation angles, and then mapped into a composite array in a weighted way to generate a large-span cosecant-distribution pattern, and minimize the size of antenna. The proposed antenna can provide a uniform radio wave coverage in long-straight confined spaces for stable mobile communications.