Cosmic voids and the kinetic analysis

The formation of cosmic structures in the late Universe was considered using the Vlasov kinetic approach. The crucial point is the use of the gravitational potential with repulsive term of the cosmological constant, which provides a solution to the Hubble tension, that is, the Hubble parameter for the late Universe has to differ from its global cosmological value. This also provides a mechanism of formation of stationary semi-periodic gravitating structures of voids and walls, so that the cosmological constant has the role of the scaling. It can therefore be compared with the observational data for given regions. The considered mechanism of the structure formation in the late cosmological epoch then succeeds the epoch described by the evolution of primordial density fluctuations.