Modifying the Existing Non-invasive Optical Glucose Sensing Device and Demonstrating the Optical Rotatory Effect of glucose in the presence of Glucose Medium

I. Identification and Significance of the ProblemDiabetes mellitus is the most common disorder of the endocrine system and affects nearly 16 million people in the United States and over 100 million people worldwide alone.Often, diabetes leads to such problems as renal failure, foot problems, heart disease, and vision impairment.According to the American Diabetes Association, the estimated cost of diabetes-related health care in the United States is approximately $91.8 billion annually, including $23.2 billion in direct medical costs 1, 2 .However, all current existing conventional methods of home blood glucose monitoring require obtaining a blood sample by pricking a fingertip with a needle or lancet and then use a sensor to a drop of the blood sample to indicate glucose levels 3, 4 .The recent multicenter NIH studies have indicated that the health risks associated with diabetes are significantly reduced when the blood glucose levels are well and frequently controlled, indicating that it is prudent to measure the blood glucose as often as five or six times a day.Thus it is very important that proper monitoring be done by diabetics at home or at work 3, 4 .However, all current existing conventional methods of home blood glucose monitoring require obtaining a blood sample by pricking a fingertip with a needle or lancet and then use a sensor to a drop of the blood sample to indicate glucose levels.