Challenges and opportunities of vaccination during pregnancy: perspectives of 20 healthcare professionals

Vaccination during pregnancy is crucial due to increased maternal vulnerability to infectious diseases. However, uptake of recommended vaccines (influenza, pertussis, COVID-19) remains suboptimal, particularly among disadvantaged groups. This qualitative study explored healthcare professionals' (HCPs) perspectives, selected purposively, on factors influencing maternal vaccination in London. Data from a workshop transcript and an online quality improvement survey involving 15 GPs, two midwives, two obstetricians and one pharmacist were thematically analysed. HCPs highlighted that pregnant women perceive the benefits of pertussis vaccination more positively than other vaccines. Clear, consistent communication and integrating vaccinations into routine antenatal care were identified as essential for improving accessibility and convenience. The critical role of midwives influencing vaccination decisions was emphasised. While recognising the potential of AI-based technologies to disseminate vaccine information, concerns were raised about trust, digital literacy and information quality, highlighting the need for tailored, reliable strategies to boost maternal vaccination rates and improve health outcomes.