Study of Bone Marrow Aspiration, Biopsy, Immunophenotyping, and Cytogenetics Correlation in Haematological Disorders

Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) and Bone Marrow Biopsy (BMB) are important diagnostic methods for the assessment of hematological diseases. Whereas BMA is done initially, BMB is done when results from aspiration are ambiguous. Immunohistochemistry, Immunophenotyping, and cytogenic studies are some of the useful adjuncts for the diagnosis and subclassification of hematological malignancies. In total, 198 patients were included in the study and BMA and BMB were used to evaluate cellularity of the bone marrow and investigate potential abnormalities. Immunohistochemistry, immunophenotyping, and cytogenetic studies were employed to enhance the classification and gain molecular information on the diseases. BMA was diagnostic in 58.08% of cases and BMB was diagnostic in 20.20%, additional material was obtained for those cases in which aspiration was insufficient. In total, 46 cases were performed using ancillary techniques for immunohistochemistry, 23 for immunophenotyping, and 46 for cytogenetics. Among them, neoplastic disorders accounted for 53.54% of the total number of cases. The distribution of cellularity pattern was hypercellularity in 60.6% of the cases, normocellularity in 18.7%, and hypocellularity in 18.2%. Conclusively, the present research points to the efficiency of BMA, BMB, and other supplemental methods in diagnosing hematological disorders. These methods improve the diagnostic ability, especially in elderly patients. Subsequent studies should focus on more elaborate molecular methods to enhance diagnosis and therapy approaches.