Nano-bioremediation, a new approach to degrade veterinary antibiotics from environment

Nano-bioremediation is an interdisciplinary approach that includes nanotechnology and bioremediation. This process has emerged as a potential solution for diminishing the harmful effect of pharmaceuticals from soil. Overuse of these antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to their accumulation in soil, posing risks to environment and humans. This review provides a concise overview about the present scenario of nano-bioremediation research in the context of veterinary drug detected from soil, also the mechanism and efficacy of nanoparticle-based remediation methods compared to traditional methods. The key areas such as metal-based photolysis, catalytic green chemistry and green nanotechnology are also explored in detail, highlighting their specific mechanisms for antibiotic degradation. The review also emphasizes the toxic effects of veterinary antibiotics on soil, plants, animals and humans, underscoring the benefits of nano-bioremediation over conventional methods. Nanoparticles are prepared in a manner so that they can efficiently absorb, degrade, or metabolize the veterinary drugs present in the soil. Bioremediation along with nanotechnology increases the potential of microorganisms to degrade toxic micropollutants into simple byproducts. Using nano-bioremediation technique, it was observed that the concentration of veterinary antibiotics was substantially reduced. The collegial work of nanoparticles and microbial actions significantly increase the complete degradation efficiency, making nano-bioremediation a promising green technology for soil remediation.