PECULIARITIES OF BUCKWHEAT MORPHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS FORMATION IN BUCKWHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES AND SOWING METHODS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE SOUTH MINUSINSK DISTRICT

The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of seeding rates, sowing methods, meteorological factors on plant height, the formation of internodes on the main shoot and side shoots. The study was conducted in 2019–2021. The experiment involved 2 varieties of buckwheat: Zemlyachka (SSI Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa), Zhdanka (Experimental Production Facility Kuraginskoye). Options: 3 seeding rates (2.5, 1.8 and 1.2 million viable seeds per 1 ha); 2 ways of sowing (row with row spacing of 15 cm; inter-row – 30 cm). On 100 plants of each variant in the first ten days of August, the height of plants, the number of internodes of the main shoot and side shoots, inflorescences on the plant and the number of flowers in them were taken into account. Seeding rates and sowing methods were not significant in determining the height of plants. Features of the variety, weather conditions during the growing season, the method of sowing have a significant effect on the process of formation of the number of internodes of the main shoot. Differences in the number of internodes of the main shoot and side shoots were revealed only between the seeding rate of 1.2 and 2.5 million grains/1 ha. In the Zhdanki variety, plant height negatively affects the yield (r = –0.768), in Zemlyachka this relationship is insignificant. A close positive correlation of plant height was with the number of flowers in the inflorescence and internodes of the main shoot, field germination. The number of internodes in Zhdanka significantly correlates with the number of inflorescences (r = 0.534) and field germination (r = 0.743); Zemlyachki – with the number of inflorescences (r = 0.554) and side shoots (r = 0.768), field germination (r = 0.708). The studied traits of Zhdanka and Zemlyachka varieties show approximately the same relationships with precipitation and average daily air temperature over the decades of vegetation. There are general correlations with HTC for both varieties, but specific correlations for some ten-days of the growing season were also determined.