THE BREEDING OF COMMON BUCKWHEAT USING IN VITRO CULTURE METHODS

The purpose of the study is to obtain stress-resistant plants – buckwheat regenerants on selective media in vitro culture and to select samples with improved breeding characteristics in the field. The object of the study is the varieties Kitawasesoba (Japan), Izumrud (Russia), the hybrid Izumrud × Kitawasesoba. A study on the production of regenerated plants of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of agricultural biotechnology of the Federal Scientific Center for Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after I.I. A.K. Chaika. Microcuttings and callus of buckwheat were cultivated for 25 days on selective media with a mineral base according to Murashige and Skoog (MS) without the addition of hormones, supplemented, depending on the variant of the experiment: zinc sulfate – 202, 404, 606 mg/l or copper sulfate – 23, 46, 69, 161, 184 mg/l. Control – hormone-free MS medium containing 0.025 mg/l copper sulfate and 8.6 mg/l zinc sulfate. Microcuttings of Izumrud buckwheat plants were passaged on media containing salicylic acid (SA) in an in vitro culture of 6.9; 13.8; 20.7; 27.6 mg/l for 24 hours, 48 hours and 24 days. The accumulation of rutin increased by 33.6 % compared with the control after cultivation of buckwheat microshoots of the Izumrud variety under in vitro conditions on a medium with a high content of copper sulfate (161 mg/l). In subsequent generations, in plants grown in a breeding nursery, the increased biosynthesis of rutin was preserved. Short-term exposure for 2 days to salicylic acid (6.9 and 13.8 mg/l) on microshoot tissues contributed to an increase in the content of rutin in regenerated plants by 91.8 and 69.2 %, respectively. The field study of the breeding nursery of seed progeny of 11 regenerative lines tolerant to copper and zinc ions made it possible to select 5 promising lines distinguished by a complex of valuable traits (productivity, coarse grain, stress resistance, genetic flexibility).