CORRECTION OF RUMEN DIGESTION INDICATORS AND CARBOHYDRATE COMPOUNDS METABOLISM IN FIRST–CALF HEIFERS UNDER CONDITIONS OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROVINCE

The purpose of the study is to develop a scheme for correcting the indicators of rumen digestion and metabolism of carbohydrate compounds in first-calf heifers under the conditions of the biogeochemical province of the Sarafanovo farm in the Chelyabinsk Region. In the soil samples of this farm, against the background of a lack of trace elements, an increased content of iron was found – by 3.2–4.3 times; nic–kel – by 14.4–91.4 % relative to the maximum permissible concentration. In the conditions of a biogeochemical province, a significant number of first-calf heifers show a violation of all types of metabolism. The decrease in blood sugar levels by 41.3 % compared with the norm is explained by disorders of digestion and carbohydrate metabolism. The introduction of beet molasses, brewer's yeast, Vitartil into the diet of first-calf heifers made it possible to normalize the indicators of rumen digestion and carbohydrate metabolism. The increase in the number of protozoa in the rumen content of experimental animals by 2.9 times compared with the control was accompanied by an increase in the content of volatile fatty acids – by 29.9 %. Against the background of correction in first-calf heifers, there was a significant increase in blood glucose with a simultaneous decrease in the activity of 1,6 diphosphate aldolase by 35.9 %, which is a favorable factor contributing to an increase in the rate of regulation of glycolysis in general, and is confirmed by a decrease in the level of lactic and pyruvic acids in first-calf heifers by 17.5 and 12.9 %, respectively. In the blood of the experimental group of first-calf heifers, there was a decrease in nickel salts by 12.8 % (P < 0.05) compared with the control group, which is associated with the sorption properties of Vitartil. The therapy carried out in this farm made it possible to increase milk productivity in the experimental group of cows by 18.1 %, as well as the reproductive function.