Legal Protection for Children as Victims and Perpetrators of Criminal Acts in the Context of Human Rights

This research highlights critical contributions to understanding the protection of children's rights as both perpetrators and victims of criminal offenses in Indonesia, despite the presence of supportive regulations such as Law No. 35 of 2014 and Law No. 11 of 2012. It specifically identifies the barriers impeding the effective protection of children's rights within the framework of human rights. Using a normative juridical methodology and secondary data analysis from legislation and relevant literature, the study reveals three main challenges: insufficient understanding among law enforcement officials, persistent social stigma, and inadequate access to rehabilitation services. These findings emphasize the necessity of a synergistic approach involving the government, law enforcement agencies, and the community to foster greater awareness of children's rights and to ensure the practical application of human rights principles. Such efforts are vital to provide children with adequate protection and opportunities for optimal growth and development.