Heterostructure Based of Ti-TiO2(NW)/rGO Hybrid Materials for Electrochemical Applications

This study investigated a hybrid electrode based on titanium/titanium dioxide nanowires/reduced graphene oxide (Ti-TiO2(NW)/rGO) that was developed in two stages. The Ti-TiO2(NW)/rGO was obtained by hydrothermal treatment in a mixed solution of H2O2 and melamine for Ti-TiO2 support, followed by a simple spin-coating deposition method and thermal oxidation in a controlled atmosphere of nitrogen gas (99%). The as-prepared structures of electrodes were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the electrochemical behavior was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a 1M HNO3-supporting electrolyte and in the presence of 4 mM K4Fe(CN)6 3H2O to determine the electroactive surface area and apparent diffusion coefficient of the hybrid electrode. The development of the Ti-TiO2(NW)/rGO hybrid electrode provides a sensitive method for photo-electrooxidation of doxorubicin due to exploiting the synergistic and remarkable properties of the nanowires of TiO2 and of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer on the electrode surface.