Critical Review of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles

As the world transitions towards sustainable transportation, the advancement of electric vehicles (EVs) has become imperative. Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology presents a promising solution to enhance the convenience and efficiency of EV charging while alleviating the challenges associated with traditional wired systems. This paper conducts an in-depth exploration of WPT technologies for EVs, focusing on their theoretical foundations, practical implementation, optimization strategies, development trends, and limitations. The theoretical principles of wireless charging are first elucidated, categorizing them into near-field methods, such as inductive and capacitive charging, and far-field methods, including microwave and laser-based charging. A comparative analysis reveals the advantages and limitations inherent to each technology. The implementation section examines various charging strategies, encompassing stationary, dynamic, and quasi-dynamic wireless charging, assessing their feasibility and effectiveness in practical applications. Furthermore, optimization techniques aimed at enhancing WPT system performance are examined in depth, with particular emphasis on coil structure optimizations, anti-misalignment solutions, compensation topology optimizations, modulation strategy optimizations, and parameter identifications. The discussion section outlines current development trends in wireless charging technologies for EVs, highlighting the limitations that hinder the widespread adoption of wireless charging technologies in the EV market. Finally, potential research directions and the implications of wireless charging technology on the development of EVs are summarized. This critical review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners dedicated to advancing the field of wireless charging for EVs.