Global Financial Crisis 2007-2009, Debt Crisis 2009-2011, Covid-19 Crisis 2020, and Energy Crisis and Inflation 2022: Causes, Implications and Policy Response (Globally and Kosovo)

At the beginning of this paper, we considered the housing price and housing interest rate in the United States, exactly where the global financial crisis began. We cited a considerable number of authors to better define the occurrence of these crises, their occurrence, and the supportive policies of states against these crises. Then control of GDP per capita in%, for OECD members, Kosovo, and the World, and finally crisis response policies. In the COVID-19 section, we cover health expenditures, imports and exports, annual customs revenue, and policy responses primarily from the IMF. On the side of the oil crisis, we have highlighted a situation we are facing, the interconnection of the world economy by Russia as a superpower for oil exports and the damage caused by this country to oil-importing countries. Also, in each section are presented graphically some of the impacts of these crises in different economic sectors and then the countries' response policies to these crises.