Inclusive Education: The Dilemmas of the 21st Century

The aim of this study was to discuss inclusive education in the 21st century.The methodology used was a bibliographic review, which included articles and books on this subject.The conclusion was that the trajectory of special education in Brazil reflects advances and challenges since the initial efforts in the imperial period, with the creation of specific institutions for people with disabilities, until the advances of the 20th century, marked by public policies such as the LDB (Law of Guidelines and Bases) of 1961 Law No. 10,436/2002 and international milestones such as the Salamanca Declaration, which boosted the search for an inclusive educational system.Despite this, structural and cultural barriers, such as inadequate teacher training, lack of infrastructure and persistent prejudices, show that inclusion requires continuous efforts for social and pedagogical transformation, going beyond the physical insertion in schools to ensure that each student is valued and receives support for their integral development.Thus, the consolidation of inclusive education in Brazil depends on the coordination of public policies,