Characterization and identification of stem rust resistance in some Egyptian wheat varieties

Wheat (T. aestivum) is a major staple food crop in modern societies, providing 20% of the caloric intake globally. The leading wheat-producing nations are China, India, and the United States, which annually produce 100, 70, and 64 million tons, respectively. Increasing modernization and industrialization on a global scale have changed the diets of developing countries, leading to increased consumption of grains and an increased global demand. In Egypt, it occupies about 3 million feddans which yield approximately 8 million tons. Wheat is liable to be attacked by many diseases particularly rust diseases.